diff --git a/config/dot/quickshell/scripts/panama-doctor b/config/dot/quickshell/scripts/panama-doctor
index ca556ad..0d022b6 100755
--- a/config/dot/quickshell/scripts/panama-doctor
+++ b/config/dot/quickshell/scripts/panama-doctor
@@ -124,7 +124,6 @@ SYSTEMCTL_COMMANDS = {
     "hypridle": ("systemctl", "--user", "is-active", "--quiet", "hypridle.service"),
     "vicinae": ("systemctl", "--user", "is-active", "--quiet", "vicinae.service"),
     "pipewire": ("systemctl", "--user", "is-active", "--quiet", "pipewire.service"),
-    "nextcloud": ("systemctl", "--user", "is-active", "--quiet", "nextcloud.service"),
     # System-scope, not --user: RustDesk ships an enabled *system* service
     # (`rustdesk --service`, root-owned) that spawns the session --server and
     # --tray on its own -- see autostart.lua's comment on why Panama doesn't
@@ -304,6 +303,16 @@ def service_check(check_id: str, title: str, service: str, config: DoctorConfig,
     return Check(check_id, group_for(check_id), title, "warning", "Service is not active.", action)
 
 
+def process_check(check_id: str, title: str, process: str, config: DoctorConfig, action: Action | None = None) -> Check:
+    """Like service_check, for autostarted apps with no systemd unit behind them."""
+    result = run_command(("pgrep", "-u", str(os.getuid()), "-x", process), config)
+    if result.state == "ok":
+        return Check(check_id, group_for(check_id), title, "ok", "Process is running.")
+    if result.state in {"missing", "unavailable"}:
+        return Check(check_id, group_for(check_id), title, "error", "Required process probe is unavailable.")
+    return Check(check_id, group_for(check_id), title, "warning", "Process is not running.", action)
+
+
 def ipc_target(config: DoctorConfig, target: str) -> CommandResult:
     result = run_command(("qs", "ipc", "show"), config)
     if result.state != "ok":
@@ -408,9 +417,18 @@ def check_brightness(config: DoctorConfig) -> Check:
 
 
 def check_nextcloud(config: DoctorConfig) -> Check:
-    if not (config.config_home / "autostart" / "nextcloud.desktop").is_file():
+    # The client's autostart entry is Title-cased ("Nextcloud.desktop") on
+    # current nextcloud-client packages, but that has changed case before --
+    # match either so a future package update doesn't silently reintroduce
+    # this as "autostart is not configured" again.
+    autostart_dir = config.config_home / "autostart"
+    if not any(autostart_dir.glob("[Nn]extcloud.desktop")):
         return Check("integration.nextcloud", "integrations", "Nextcloud", "unconfigured", "Nextcloud autostart is not configured.")
-    return service_check("integration.nextcloud", "Nextcloud", "nextcloud", config, Action("open", "Open Nextcloud"))
+    # No systemd unit backs this (see the autostart.lua comment on why Panama
+    # doesn't start it as one): the client is a plain autostarted process, so
+    # check for the process directly instead of a systemctl service that was
+    # never going to exist.
+    return process_check("integration.nextcloud", "Nextcloud", "nextcloud", config, Action("open", "Open Nextcloud"))
 
 
 def check_rustdesk(config: DoctorConfig) -> Check:
diff --git a/tests/quickshell/panama-doctor-contract.sh b/tests/quickshell/panama-doctor-contract.sh
index 76147e7..9ab117c 100755
--- a/tests/quickshell/panama-doctor-contract.sh
+++ b/tests/quickshell/panama-doctor-contract.sh
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ EOF
 chmod +x "$bin_dir/panama-brightness"
 
 mkdir -p "$config_home/autostart"
-touch "$config_home/autostart/nextcloud.desktop"
+touch "$config_home/autostart/Nextcloud.desktop"
 for name in hypr quickshell uwsm vicinae; do
     ln -s "$repo_dir/config/dot/$name" "$config_home/$name"
 done
@@ -209,14 +209,16 @@ check_status "$missing_qs" desktop.quickshell error
 mv "$bin_dir/qs.off" "$bin_dir/qs"
 
 # Optional integrations stay neutral until the user configures them.
-rm "$config_home/autostart/nextcloud.desktop"
+rm "$config_home/autostart/Nextcloud.desktop"
 unconfigured_nextcloud="$(run_doctor --json)"
 check_status "$unconfigured_nextcloud" integration.nextcloud unconfigured
-touch "$config_home/autostart/nextcloud.desktop"
+touch "$config_home/autostart/Nextcloud.desktop"
 
-# A configured integration that stopped is actionable with an authored label,
-# never an application name or command derived from probe output.
-stopped_nextcloud="$(PANAMA_DOCTOR_FIXTURE_STOPPED=nextcloud.service run_doctor --json)"
+# A configured integration whose process isn't running is actionable with an
+# authored label, never an application name or command derived from probe
+# output. Nextcloud has no systemd unit behind it, so this is a process
+# check (PANAMA_DOCTOR_FIXTURE_PROCESSES), not a service check.
+stopped_nextcloud="$(PANAMA_DOCTOR_FIXTURE_PROCESSES=nextcloud:missing run_doctor --json)"
 check_status "$stopped_nextcloud" integration.nextcloud warning
 jq -e '.checks[] | select(.id == "integration.nextcloud")
   | .action == {kind:"open", label:"Open Nextcloud", confirm:false}' \