Open what is shut, and never widen what is already open

setup-server queried --query-port, saw "not open", and blanket-opened 80,
443 and 81. On a machine reaching those ports through rich rules -- one CDN's
address sets, say -- neither appears in --list-ports, so the step read a
deliberate, narrow grant as "closed" and replaced it with a public one. It
did this during `panama update`, which asks nothing and runs unattended, so
there was no prompt and no diff for anyone to read. A production server lost
its firewall posture that way, port 81 and the proxy's admin portal included.

Each port is now checked for existing coverage first -- an open port, an
enabled service, or an accepting rich rule, ranges included -- and left alone
when it has some. The bias stays where it was: only a rule that positively
reads as a grant counts, and anything unrecognised still falls through to
opening the port, because a fresh server that is silently unreachable is the
worse failure. A rule that DROPS a port is not coverage either; reading a
block as a grant would leave the proxy unreachable on a machine nobody
thought to re-check.

A machine that manages its own firewall opts out once, with
`echo manual > ~/.local/state/panama/firewall`, and Panama never touches
firewalld on it again. A file rather than an environment variable, because
the run that needs to respect it is the unattended one.

tests/setup/server-firewall-contract pins all of it, and fails against the
previous code on exactly the cases that cost the posture.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <[email protected]>

setup/packages/server-packages

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 # is the shell environment plus containers, and almost everything it needs is
 # already core.
 #
-# setup-server opens 80/443/81 through it. Fedora Server ships it; a minimal
-# cloud image may not, and a server whose firewall step silently no-ops is a
-# server somebody believes is firewalled.
+# setup-server opens 80/443/81 through it, where nothing already grants them.
+# Fedora Server ships it; a minimal cloud image may not, and a server whose
+# firewall step silently no-ops is a server somebody believes is firewalled.
 firewalld
 # Node comes through nvm here for the same reason as on the desktop --
 # config/bash/shell switches versions per project from .nvmrc -- and because

setup/scripts/setup-server

@@ -43,11 +43,81 @@ fi
 # documents that in its own folder and it is opened by hand, because a list of
 # per-service firewall holes maintained by an installer is a list nobody
 # audits.
-if systemctl is-active firewalld >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+#
+# "Open" means reachable, not literally listed by --list-ports. A machine can
+# already reach 80 through a rich rule admitting one CDN's address set, or
+# through an enabled service. On such a machine `--add-port` is not the no-op
+# it looks like: it replaces a deliberate, narrow grant with a blanket one,
+# and does it during a routine `panama update` that asked nobody anything.
+# So each port is checked for existing coverage and left alone when it has
+# some. Panama opens what is shut; it does not widen what is already open.
+#
+# The bias is deliberate. Only a rule that positively reads as covering the
+# port counts, and anything unrecognised falls through to opening it, because
+# a fresh server that silently ends up unreachable is the worse failure --
+# see the firewalld comment in setup/packages/server-packages. For the same
+# reason only `accept` rules count: a rich rule that drops a port is not
+# coverage, it is the opposite, and treating it as coverage would leave the
+# reverse proxy unreachable on a machine nobody thought to check.
+#
+# A machine that manages its own firewall opts out once:
+#
+#   echo manual > ~/.local/state/panama/firewall
+#
+# after which Panama never touches firewalld on it again. A file rather than
+# an environment variable because `panama update` runs unattended and asks
+# nothing; a decision that lives only as long as somebody exports a variable
+# is a decision that quietly lapses on the next run.
+STATE_DIR="${XDG_STATE_HOME:-$HOME/.local/state}/panama"
+FIREWALL_DECISION="$STATE_DIR/firewall"
+
+# Every port an enabled permanent service already grants, one <port>/<proto>
+# per line. Read back out of firewalld rather than from a hardcoded http=80
+# table, so a machine's own service definition counts for exactly as much as
+# a shipped one.
+service_ports() {
+  local service ports
+  for service in $(sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --list-services 2>/dev/null || true); do
+    ports="$(sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --info-service="$service" 2>/dev/null \
+      | sed -n 's/^[[:space:]]*ports:[[:space:]]*//p')" || true
+    [[ -n "$ports" ]] || continue
+    printf '%s\n' $ports
+  done
+}
+
+# Does an accepting rich rule already admit this tcp port? Ranges count, so a
+# rule granting 8000-8100 covers 8080.
+rich_rule_covers() {
+  local port="$1" rule value low high
+  while IFS= read -r rule; do
+    [[ "$rule" == *accept* ]]              || continue
+    [[ "$rule" == *'protocol="tcp"'* ]]    || continue
+    value="${rule#*port port=\"}"
+    [[ "$value" != "$rule" ]]              || continue
+    value="${value%%\"*}"
+    if [[ "$value" == *-* ]]; then
+      low="${value%%-*}"; high="${value##*-}"
+      [[ "$low" =~ ^[0-9]+$ && "$high" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || continue
+      (( port >= low && port <= high )) && return 0
+    else
+      [[ "$value" == "$port" ]] && return 0
+    fi
+  done < <(sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --list-rich-rules 2>/dev/null || true)
+  return 1
+}
+
+if [[ "$(cat "$FIREWALL_DECISION" 2>/dev/null || true)" == manual ]]; then
+  log "Firewall left to this machine ($FIREWALL_DECISION says manual)"
+elif systemctl is-active firewalld >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  granted_ports="$(service_ports)"
   reload_needed=0
   for port in 80 443 81; do
     if sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --query-port="${port}/tcp" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
       log "Port ${port}/tcp already open"
+    elif grep -qxF "${port}/tcp" <<<"$granted_ports"; then
+      log "Port ${port}/tcp already granted by an enabled service; leaving it alone"
+    elif rich_rule_covers "$port"; then
+      log "Port ${port}/tcp already granted by a rich rule; leaving it alone"
     else
       log "Opening port ${port}/tcp"
       sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port="${port}/tcp" >/dev/null