Panama learns what a server is: from a root login to running containers
A machine's role is now the interview's first question and the one answer Panama records. Servers get the same shell minus the screen: core packages, nvm, Bun, Claude Code and Codex (desktops get Codex too), linger, rootless ports from 80, firewalld, the nginx-bridge network, and a nightly image updater that replaced watchtower for cause. server/containers/ carries junior's 23 compose services -- secrets moved to per-machine .env files that never enter this public repo, every transformed compose proven to render byte-identical to what is live. 'panama server' enables, disables and relinks them; nothing here restarts a running service. 'boot --server' walks a fresh VPS from its root login to a normal install. Five new contracts pin the secrets rule, the catalog's shape, panama-server's behavior, the role plumbing, and the dotfile classification. Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NU5JGiN3JfzqrLQB6wmJ1E
This commit is contained in:
Gabriel Brown
Executable
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#!/usr/bin/env bash
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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# update-containers — pull new images and restart the services that changed.
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#
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# REPLACES WATCHTOWER. Written 2026-08-17 after watchtower took gitea down for
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# three days.
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#
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# WHY NOT WATCHTOWER: podman-compose puts every project in a POD. Watchtower does
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# not update through compose — it builds a replacement container from the image
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# plus the old container's config, and that replacement lands OUTSIDE the pod.
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# On 2026-08-14 it did exactly that to gitea, reported `failed=0 updated=1`, and
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# left it returning 502 until someone noticed three days later.
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#
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# This script never touches containers directly. It pulls the image and then
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# restarts the SYSTEMD UNIT, so podman-compose rebuilds the project the same way
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# it does at boot — pod, network aliases, published ports and all.
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#
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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# USAGE
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# update-containers # every service except SKIP (what the timer runs)
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# update-containers gitea # one service, e.g. from CI after a push
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# update-containers --dry-run # show what WOULD update, change nothing
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# update-containers --list # show services and their images, then exit
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#
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# Runs nightly at 00:00 via podman-update.timer (server/systemd/, enabled by
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# setup-server). Log: ~/Server/logs/update-containers.log
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# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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set -uo pipefail
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# ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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# CONFIG — this is the part you edit
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# ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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# Services that must NEVER update unattended. Add a service here to freeze it.
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#
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# postgresql — restarting it drops all databases at once, and every service
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# with them. Minor 17.x bumps are safe in principle but not worth
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# doing at midnight unobserved. Also: the image tag is pinned to
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# pgvector/pgvector:pg17-trixie for collation reasons — an
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# unattended change of base could corrupt text indexes.
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# authentik — runs IRREVERSIBLE database migrations on startup. Rolling back
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# the image does not roll back the schema; you would need a restore.
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#
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# Update these two by hand, after a pg_dump:
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# podman pull <image> && systemctl --user restart podman-<name>.service
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SKIP=(postgresql authentik watchtower)
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# Services built locally rather than pulled. There is no registry image to check,
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# so pulling is pointless — they are skipped automatically when no `image:` line
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# resolves, but listing them here keeps the log quiet and the intent obvious.
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LOCAL_BUILD=(bang completeuphoria sierraandtyler)
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# ⚠️ NOTE ON GITEA: it is deliberately NOT in SKIP. The three-day outage was caused
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# by watchtower's recreate mechanism, not by the act of updating — restarting the
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# unit is the safe path this script uses. But gitea DOES run database migrations on
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# version upgrades. If you would rather approve those yourself, move `gitea` into
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# SKIP above; nothing else needs changing.
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SERVER_DIR="$HOME/Server"
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LOG_DIR="$SERVER_DIR/logs"
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LOG="$LOG_DIR/update-containers.log"
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# ═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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mkdir -p "$LOG_DIR"
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DRY_RUN=0
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ONLY=""
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case "${1:-}" in
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--dry-run) DRY_RUN=1 ;;
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--list) LIST=1 ;;
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--help|-h) sed -n '19,27p' "$0"; exit 0 ;;
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"") ;;
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-*) echo "unknown option: $1" >&2; exit 2 ;;
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*) ONLY="$1" ;;
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esac
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log() { printf '%s %s\n' "$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')" "$*" | tee -a "$LOG"; }
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in_list() { local n="$1"; shift; local x; for x in "$@"; do [ "$x" = "$n" ] && return 0; done; return 1; }
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# Units that are podman-compose services. Excludes podman's own helper units,
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# which are not services and must stay disabled.
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list_units() {
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systemctl --user list-unit-files 'podman-*.service' --no-legend 2>/dev/null \
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| awk '{print $1}' \
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| grep -vE 'podman-(auto-update|restart|clean-transient|kube@|user-wait-network-online|update)' \
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| sed 's/^podman-//; s/\.service$//' \
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| sort
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}
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# Images declared in a service's compose.yml. Ignores commented lines and the
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# `build:` stanza, which has no pullable image.
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#
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# Image tags frequently reference variables from the service's .env, e.g.
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# ghcr.io/get-convex/convex-backend:${BACKEND_TAG:-latest}
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# git.gbrown.org/gib/${NEXT_CONTAINER_NAME}:latest
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# Those must be expanded or the pull is attempted against a literal "${...}" and
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# always fails. We expand in a SUBSHELL so the .env cannot leak into this script's
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# environment (these files contain database passwords and API keys).
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images_for() {
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local dir="$1"
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[ -f "$dir/compose.yml" ] || return 0
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grep -oE '^[[:space:]]*image:[[:space:]]*[^[:space:]#]+' "$dir/compose.yml" 2>/dev/null \
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| sed -E 's/^[[:space:]]*image:[[:space:]]*//' \
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| while IFS= read -r img; do
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case "$img" in
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*'${'*) ( set -a; [ -f "$dir/.env" ] && . "$dir/.env" >/dev/null 2>&1; set +a
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eval "printf '%s\\n' \"$img\"" 2>/dev/null ) ;;
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*) printf '%s\n' "$img" ;;
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esac
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done \
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| grep -v '\${' \
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| sort -u
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}
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workdir_for() {
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systemctl --user show "podman-$1.service" -p WorkingDirectory --value 2>/dev/null
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}
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# ── --list ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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if [ "${LIST:-0}" = "1" ]; then
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for svc in $(list_units); do
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printf '%-22s' "$svc"
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if in_list "$svc" "${SKIP[@]}"; then echo "SKIP (frozen)"; continue; fi
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if in_list "$svc" "${LOCAL_BUILD[@]}"; then echo "SKIP (built locally)"; continue; fi
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echo "$(images_for "$(workdir_for "$svc")" | tr '\n' ' ')"
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done
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exit 0
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fi
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# ── main ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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# ${DRY_RUN:+...} would expand even when DRY_RUN=0, because "0" is a non-empty
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# string. Build the label explicitly instead.
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dry_label=""; [ "$DRY_RUN" -eq 1 ] && dry_label=" [DRY RUN]"
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log "=== update run started${ONLY:+ (single service: $ONLY)}$dry_label ==="
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updated=(); failed=(); checked=0
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for svc in $(list_units); do
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[ -n "$ONLY" ] && [ "$svc" != "$ONLY" ] && continue
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if [ -z "$ONLY" ]; then
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in_list "$svc" "${SKIP[@]}" && { log " $svc: frozen (SKIP list)"; continue; }
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in_list "$svc" "${LOCAL_BUILD[@]}" && continue
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fi
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# ⚠️ NEVER resurrect a service that is deliberately stopped. `systemctl restart`
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# STARTS an inactive unit — without this guard, a new n8n image would silently
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# bring n8n back up months after it was intentionally shut down.
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if [ "$(systemctl --user is-active "podman-$svc.service")" != "active" ]; then
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[ -n "$ONLY" ] && log " $svc: unit is not active — refusing to start it"
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continue
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fi
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dir="$(workdir_for "$svc")"
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[ -d "$dir" ] || { log " $svc: no working directory, skipped"; continue; }
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mapfile -t imgs < <(images_for "$dir")
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[ "${#imgs[@]}" -eq 0 ] && continue
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checked=$((checked+1))
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changed=0
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for img in "${imgs[@]}"; do
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# A digest-pinned image can never change; pulling it is wasted work.
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case "$img" in *@sha256:*) continue ;; esac
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if ! podman pull -q "$img" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
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log " $svc: pull failed for $img (private registry? built locally?)"
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continue
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fi
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disk_id="$(podman image inspect "$img" --format '{{.Id}}' 2>/dev/null)"
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[ -n "$disk_id" ] || continue
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# Compare the image on disk against what each RUNNING CONTAINER is actually
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# using — not against the pre-pull image ID.
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#
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# Comparing before/after the pull looks equivalent but is subtly broken: a
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# --dry-run (or any earlier pull) fetches the new image, so a later real run
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# sees before == after, concludes "no change", and never restarts. The
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# service then runs the OLD image forever with the new one sitting on disk,
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# invisible. Anchoring on the running container makes the check idempotent
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# and self-healing — it reports drift no matter who pulled, or when.
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#
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# ⚠️ Use `inspect .Image`, NOT `ps --format {{.ImageID}}`. The former returns
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# the full 64-char ID matching `image inspect .Id`; the latter returns a
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# 12-char short ID, so comparing them is ALWAYS unequal and every service
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# looks like it needs an update.
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while IFS='|' read -r cname cimgname cimgid; do
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[ "$cimgname" = "$img" ] || continue
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if [ "$cimgid" != "$disk_id" ]; then
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log " $svc: $cname on ${cimgid:0:12} -> new image ${disk_id:0:12} ($img)"
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changed=1
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fi
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done < <(podman ps --filter "label=com.docker.compose.project=$svc" --format '{{.Names}}' 2>/dev/null \
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| while IFS= read -r n; do
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podman inspect "$n" --format '{{.Name}}|{{.ImageName}}|{{.Image}}' 2>/dev/null
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done)
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done
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[ "$changed" -eq 0 ] && continue
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if [ "$DRY_RUN" -eq 1 ]; then
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log " $svc: would restart (dry run)"
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updated+=("$svc")
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continue
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fi
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# THE IMPORTANT LINE: restart the unit so podman-compose rebuilds the project
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# (pod, networks, aliases, ports). Never recreate the container directly.
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if systemctl --user restart "podman-$svc.service" 2>>"$LOG"; then
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sleep 5
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if [ "$(systemctl --user is-active "podman-$svc.service")" = "active" ]; then
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log " $svc: RESTARTED ok"
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updated+=("$svc")
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else
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log " $svc: ⚠ RESTARTED BUT UNIT NOT ACTIVE"
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failed+=("$svc")
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fi
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else
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log " $svc: ⚠ RESTART FAILED"
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failed+=("$svc")
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fi
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done
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# Reclaim layers the old images left behind. Dangling only — never touches an
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# image a container still references.
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if [ "$DRY_RUN" -eq 0 ] && [ "${#updated[@]}" -gt 0 ]; then
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freed="$(podman image prune -f 2>/dev/null | tail -1)"
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[ -n "$freed" ] && log " pruned: $freed"
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fi
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log "=== done: $checked checked, ${#updated[@]} updated${updated:+ (${updated[*]})}, ${#failed[@]} failed${failed:+ (${failed[*]})} ==="
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# Non-zero if anything failed, so the systemd unit shows as failed and
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# `systemctl --user --failed` surfaces it.
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[ "${#failed[@]}" -eq 0 ]
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